Gettysburg National Military Park – The First Day of Battle

With over two million annual visitors exploring Gettysburg National Military Park each year, I was surprised to learn that it is the most visited battlefield in the United States. Referred to as the “Turning Point of the Civil War”, the Battle at Gettysburg was the most costliest battle in regards to the lives lost at war and took place over a short period from July 1^st through July 4^thin 1863.

The Gettysburg National Military Park was formed in 1895 on the land where the battle was fought as a memorial to honor the Confederate and Union soldiers. Located in southeast Pennsylvania, the park’s highlight is the 24-miles auto tour which covers the notable events that occurred throughout the conflict. The tour begins at the Visitor’s Center and takes about three hours to complete with sixteen stops along the route.

Major battles had already been fought during the Civil War when The Battle of Gettysburg commenced. Confederate troops marched towards Gettysburg along Chambersburg Pike. Union officer Marcellus Jones would fire the first shot in the bloody battle of Gettysburg, signifying the start of the war.

By 10 AM, Major General John F. Reynolds of the Union Army and his famous “Iron Brigade” arrived at McPherson Ridge, but Reynolds was killed shortly thereafter suffering a gunshot wound to the head. It was a huge loss for the Union as Reynolds was one of their most experienced leaders. Reynolds’ men placed his body under a tree which is marked today by a monument on the spot where the general fell. By the afternoon, a full battle had engaged.

“McPherson Ridge: The Battle of Gettysburg began at about 8 a.m. to the west beyond the McPherson Barn as Union cavalry confronted Confederate Infantry advancing east along Chambersburg Pike. Heavy fighting spread north and south along this ridgeline as additional forces from both sides arrived.” –The Auto Tour

On the first day of the conflict, Brigadier General, John Buford of the Union, reinforced three ridges on the west of town in preparation of Confederate General Lee’s attack. Buford was awaiting the support of additional infantrymen when he was attacked by Lee from the North and Northwest as the Union soldiers quickly retreated to the south. McPherson Ridge was one of those ridges.

Gettysburg, Pennsylvania became the meeting point between the Union and Confederate Soldiers. General Lee’s intentions were to draw the Union troops so that he could fight and destroy them.

“The Eternal Light Peace Memorial: At 1 PM Major General Robert E. Rodes’ Confederates attacked from this hill, threatening Union forces on McPherson and Oak Ridges. Seventy-five years later, over 1,800 Civil War veterans helped dedicate this memorial to ‘Peace Eternal in a National United’.” – The Auto Tour

Along Oak Ridge, Major General Robert E. Rodes attacked the Union around 2PM. A large number of casualties resulted in the assault.

“Oak Ridge: Union soldiers held stubbornly against Rodes’s advance. By 3:30 p.m., however, the entire Union line from here to McPherson Ridge had begun to crumble, finally falling back to Cemetery Hill. When the first day ended, the Confederates held the upper hand. Lee decided to continue the offensive, pitting his 70,000 men army against Meade’s Union army of 93,000.” – The Auto Tour

The Battle at Gettysburg’s first day of conflict ranked as the 23^rd largest battle of the Civil War according to the number of troops engaged. There were 22,000 men engaged under General Meade and 27,000 under the command of General Lee. The northern troops estimated ten thousand men who were killed or captured while eight thousand were lost in the south. The Union forces held their own from Cemetery Hill to Little Round Top as the fighting commenced overnight, ending Day One of the war.

Are you interested in the events that took place during the Civil War? Do you enjoy American History? I would love to hear about your visit to Gettysburg or recommendations for additional battle sites in the US if you would kindly leave a message in the comments section below. Many thanks for reading about my visit to Gettysburg! Check out more Gettysburg with my upcoming posts covering Days Two and Three of the conflict. Wishing you many Happy Travels!

What to See and What to Do:

Gettysburg National Military Park Museum and Visitor Center
1195 Baltimore Pike
Gettysburg, PA 17325
Telephone: 717 334 1124

Admission Fee: There is no fee charged to enter the Visitor’s center and museum, but there are fees associated with additional activities provided by the park. All activities are free to children ages 5 and under. To view the 45 minute film narrated by Morgan Freeman, there is a $15 charge for adults (ages 13+) and $10 for children ages 6 – 12. The museum only experience: $9 for adults (ages 13+), $7 for children ages 6 – 12. Guided Bus Tour of the Battlefield: $35 for adults (ages 13+), $21 for children ages 6 – 12; Eisenhower National Historic Site Tour: $9 for adults (ages 13+), $5 for children ages 6 – 12; The David Wills House: $7 for adults (ages 13+), $4 for children ages 6 – 12; NOTE: Tours of the house are free from June 9 – December 31, 2018. The George Spangler Farm Civil War Field Hospital (open only in summer): $6 for adults (ages 13+), $2 for children ages 6 – 12. Visit the website for additional tours which may be available during your visit.
Hours: Park grounds and roads: April 1 – October 31, open from 6 AM to 10 PM; November 1 – March 31, open from 6 AM to 7 PM. The museum is open daily from 9 AM to 5 PM yet closed on Thanksgiving Day, Christmas Day, New Year’s Day and early closure on Christmas Eve – 2 PM. The Soldier’s National Cemetery is open from dawn to dusk. Gettysburg Lincoln Railroad Station: November – February: Closed with the exception of holiday dates (see website); March – May open from 10 AM to 5 PM Friday, Saturday and Sunday only; Memorial Day – Labor Day: 10 AM to 5 PM daily; September – October 10 AM to 5 PM Friday, Saturday and Sunday only.
Amenities: Several tour options, movie at theater, audio guide for scenic drive, hiking, historical reinactments, horseback riding, ranger programs, living history programs and virtual tours and lodging at Bushman House
Scenic View: Spectacular views from Little Round Top and observation towers.
Length of Visit: 2 – 3 hours or more if you have booked multiple tours.
Tips for Your Visit: Booking a tour is one of the best ways to explore Gettysburg National Military Park. During the auto tour, there are very few restrooms and picnic areas along the route. There are also no restaurants along the tour, so pack some snacks and water. Remember that the park is located on hallowed ground and you are asked to treat it with respect.

Where to Stay:

Brickhouse Inn Bed & Breakfast
452 Baltimore Street
Gettysburg, PA 17325
Telephone: 717 338 9337

Located in downtown historic Gettysburg, the B&B is within walking distance to shops, restaurants and museums and nearby Culp’s Hill and the Soldier’s Cemetery.

Where to Eat:

Dobbin House
89 Steinwehr Avenue
Gettysburg, PA 17325
Telephone: 717 334 2100

Gettysburg’s oldest and most historic home, the Dobbin House offers an exceptional dining experience as guests are served by wait staff dressed in period costume.

I started with the shrimp cocktail, served with traditional cocktail sauce. For my main course, I was drawn to the broiled filet mignon and added a Maryland crabcake to my order.