St. Peter’s Basilica: A Cathedral of Art

8 July 202522 June 2025

A group of school children, dressed in navy uniforms, skipped ahead of us along the walkway which connects the Vatican Museum to St. Peter’s Basilica. Still in awe at the beauty of Michelangelo’s Sistine Chapel, I made my way towards the cathedral known for its architecture and artwork of famous Renaissance artists. While waiting at the entrance, I thought about how I had waited so many years to visit Rome and wondered if these youngsters had any idea how lucky they were for the opportunity to visit St. Peter’s Basilica at such a young age.

The Vatican City resides in the city of Rome, its own country with a post office, helipad and even its own currency with a portrait of the pope. It is the capital of over 1 billion Roman Catholics with the pope its ruler.

Shuttled along with fellow tourists towards the entrance, I noticed The Holy Door of St. Peter’s Cathedral to my far right. Traditionally, the door is only open every twenty five years during the Holy Year, and on special occasions as designated by the pope. Dating back to 1450, the bronze from the original Old Peter’s church was melted down to create the sixteen scenes which feature Jesus, Paul and Peter and shows how each was martyred (the bottom panels).

Once inside the cathedral, I noticed the ornate stucco ceiling of the portico with the coat of arms of Pope Paul V. The basilica was completed during the Pope’s reign in the 1600s. Columns, arched walkways and small windows allowed the day’s light to gracefully creep in. The beautiful rays of sunlight produced a majestic golden hue that reflected off of the marble interior creating a stunning effect.

While Michelangelo is credited for the cathedral’s architecture, Bernini was its interior designer. He created the bronze canopy, the apse, the balconies, various statues (including the statue of St. Longinus) and the marble flooring.

Approaching the Nave, my eyes followed the coppered ceiling, watching the stream of light subtly appear through the windows. Detailed hallways and arches at each side are displayed with magnificent carvings. The Nave was coming into view and the dome appeared above the altar canopy. At the base of the dome are four medallions representing the saints who wrote the Four Gospels of the Bible.

Beneath the dome is the Main Altar, where only the pope recites Mass. When he is in the Vatican City, it is here where he conducts the Sunday morning mass.

The center of the Basilica is known as the Crossing and it is where the Papal Altar sits over the location of St. Peter’s tomb. Located above the tomb is the famous Dome of Michelangelo. Around the opening at the top is an inscription “To the Glory of St. Peter, Sixtus V, 1590, the fifth year of his reign.”

Looking past the elaborate altar canopy called the Baldacchino, my eyes are immediately drawn to the altar where there are two cherubs. These cherubs, holding the papal tiara and St. Peter’s keys, symbolize the authority of the Roman pontiff and seem to capture the glory of the sun.

Designed by Bernini the canopy covers the Papal Altar as well as the Tomb of St. Peter. The bronze structure was created using materials from Rome’s Pantheon and was completed in 1633. In the background, past the Baldacchino, is the Altar of the Chair, which contains the relics of a chair from which St. Peter preached. Located above the papal tiara is the symbol of the Holy Spirit, an alabaster dove that seems to illuminate as the outer light shines through.

The Confessio Petri, or Tomb of St. Peter can be accessed through the banister in front of the altar and taking the stairs below. I took an excursion to see the place where St. Peter was buried and waited for our tour guide to arrive. Once we descended 23 feet below the marble floor, we reached the entrance at the bottom, where we were instructed that this was a high security area and no photos were permitted.

Of course, the most important question on everyone’s mind was, “Are these really the bones of St. Peter?” Our guide explained that the tomb of Peter had been sealed since Old St. Peter’s Church was built in 326AD. In 1940, the tomb was opened and an inscription was found on a nearby wall claiming that “Peter is here.” Archaeologists removed the bones that were wrapped in cloth and tested them to determine their age. They confirmed that they were indeed the bones dating back to the first century and are believed to be those of St. Peter, the first bishop of the Catholic church.

On the day of a pope’s funeral, thousands gather in St. Peter’s Cathedral to pay their respects, and later his coffin is carried out to the square where the eulogy is conducted. While there are several popes that have been laid to rest below the basilica, there are several shrines throughout the cathedral where the bodies of previous popes can be viewed.

The beauty of St. Peter’s continued throughout the basilica as I discovered additional treasures from some of the greatest artists of all time. While the white columns on the portico date back to the fourth century when the first church was built, many of the stones used to construct the cathedral were removed from the court houses of ancient Rome. Cupolas, statues of popes, marble floors and popes interred add to the mystery of the basilica’s possessions.

Nothing compares to the crown jewel of St. Peter’s Basilica, the Dome of Michelangelo. The largest dome in the world reaches 448 feet from the floor to the top. Sixteen slender curved panels display painted images of angels and saints while Jesus and Mary can be seen above the circular set of windows.

The Latin inscription at the base of the dome comes from the Biblical passage in Matthew 16:18 which says, “You are Peter and upon this rock I will build my church, and to you I will give the keys of the kingdom of heaven”.

The apse is located beneath the dome where a golden dove represents the Holy Spirit, glowing as the sun shines through the glass. The Throne of Peter, located below the glow of the dove, made of oak was bronzed by Bernini as a symbol of St. Peter’s authority.

Not only was St. Peter buried within the walls of St. Peter’s Cathedral, this is also the site of his crucifixion. To the left of the apse, across from the main altar is a painting which, according to tradition) represents St. Peters’ crucifixion. While Peter was preaching in Rome, he gained the attention of the current reigning emperor Nero, who hated Christians. Nero imprisoned Peter and made a spectacle of his death. It is said that Peter refused to be crucified in the manner of Christ and insisted that he should be nailed to the cross upside down.

Raphael’s famous painting of The Transfiguration is around the corner telling the story of Jesus’ ascension into heaven after having been crucified, buried and then rising from the dead. The Renaissance artist’s oil is located above one of the altars on the other side of the statue of St. Andrew. The magnificent layers of blue in the sky welcome Jesus as he rises from the Earth to his eternal home in heaven and it is exactly how I had imagined it.

There is a crowd surrounding the Pieta as I arrived and I decided to visit the tomb of Pope John Paul II who is close by. My grandparents were Catholic, so I remembered how much they respected him and were proud that he was Polish. I also remember when he survived an assassination attempt in 1981 and the extensive media coverage during his death in 2005. And since I happened to be visiting the weekend of his canonization, it only seemed appropriate that I pay my respects.

St. John Paul II was laid to rest below the painting of St. Sebastian who was able to escape the assassination attempts on his life by the Romans. It is said that Sebastian was John Paul’s favorite saint.

I finally reach Michelangelo’s Pieta (pity), housed behind bulletproof glass, and gazing upon its rich detail, it is clear to see the sculptor’s influence on the artistic community of the Renaissance Era. This statue of Mary shows her holding Jesus after he was taken from the cross. Considered the most famous of all of Michelangelo’s works, he completed it at the age of 24. The soft edges, deep folds and expression on Mary’s face graciously exemplify the perfection in his work.

St. Peter’s Cathedral showcases the beautiful artistic treasures of Renaissance art. It displays the wealth and importance of the Catholic Church with its billions of followers. From the first Pope, St. Peter to St. Francis today, Catholicism remains a key spiritual denomination to many believers in Jesus Christ over many years.

Have you experienced the beauty of St. Peter’s Cathedral? What did you admire the most? I would love to hear about your visit and would be happy if you would include any additional information or suggestions regarding a visit to St. Peter’s in the comments section below. Many thanks for reading about my tour of St. Peter’s Cathedral and wishing you many Happy Travels!

What to See and What to Do:

Purchase a Ticket for the Hop On/Hop Off Bus

St. Peter’s Basilica
Piazza San Pietro
00120 Citta del Vaticano, Vatican City, Italy
Telephone: +39 06 6988 3731

Admission Fee: Free admission with an additional charge to visit the dome. Dome fees: elevator to the terrace level and climb up the 320 steps for 10 Euros or climb up the 551 steps for 8 Euros.
Buses/Trains Info: Buses 40, 44, 84, 780 and 810; Metro station: Colosseo: Line B
Hours: Daily from 8:00AM to 5:00PM from October 1 to March 31 and daily from 8:00AM to 6:00PM from April 1^st to September 30.
Amenities: Audioguides and Radioguides are available.
Guided Tours and Audio Guides: Audioguides are provided in Italian, German, Polish, Spanish, French and English, while Radioguides are also available.
Scenic View: Spectacular view from St. Peter’s dome
Length of the Tour: 2 – 3 hours
Tips for Your Visit: Dress appropriately ensuring that your shoulders and knees are covered (i.e., no tank tops and wear long shorts or capri pants). Remain as quiet as possible.

Where to Stay:

Courtyard Rome Central Park
Via Giuseppe Mosacti 7
Rome 01168 Italy
Telephone: +39 06 355741

Where to Eat:

Pastasciutta
Via delle Grazie 5
00193, Rome Italy
Telephone: +39 333 650 3758

The first day I tried this restaurant, I ordered the Pappardelle alla Carbonara. I had been waiting for the opportunity to try this Italian dish and fell in love!

My second day of visiting, I tried the Pappardelle ai funghi (mushrooms). Excellent for the price!

What to Eat:

Artichokes: steamed or fried
Cacio e Pepe: Cacio is a type of cheese from Rome’s countryside made from sheep’s milk. The dish is served over pasta and seasoned by black pepper.
Carbonara: creamy white pasta served with pancetta and noodles
Gelato: You have not had gelato until you have had it in Rome!
Maritozzi is a popular breakfast pastry with chocolate chips served with espresso. Some maritozzi are filled with cream as well.
Pecorino Romano cheese
Pizza al Taglio is Rome’s answer to pizza with red sauce, meats, vegetables and cheeses. I also love the Italian margarita pizza with red sauce, mozzarella cheese and topped with basil.
Porcetta: Pork wrapped around herbs and roasted on a spit
Saltimbocca is a dish made with veal and sage wrapped in prosciutto, cooked in white wine and butter.
Suppli is considered an Italian snack made of rice and meat with tomato sauce and filled with mozzarella cheese and then deep-fried. It reminds me of arancini in the US.

Where to Drink:

Il Goccetto (for wine)
Via dei Banchi Vecchi, 14
00186, Roma RM, Italy
Telephone: +39 06 9944 8583

Terrazza Borromini
Via di Santa Maria dell’Anima, 30A
00186 Roma RM, Italy
Telephone: +39 06 6821 5459

While the drinks are pricey, it will be worth the cost for the fabulous views.

What to Read:

Imperium, by Robert Harris
Roma, by Steven Saylor
SPQR, by Mary Beard
The Twelve Caesars, by Robert Grave

Photo Guide for Rome:

Campo de’ Fiori for photos of the market
The Colosseum
Monti for upscale boutiques, restaurants and vintage stores
The Pincio Terrace overlooking Piazza del Popolo in northern Rome
The top of St. Peter’s Basilica
Trastevere neighborhood for scenic alleyways, artisan workshops, the piazza at sunset, and tiny boutiques. Find the corner of Vicolo delle Torro off of Via della Lungaretta for photo-worthy pics.
Trevi Fountain

White Marble Saints

The Ceiling of St. Peter’s Basilica

A Circular Roundel in St. Peter’s Basilica

Exploring Rome on the Hop On/Hop Off Bus

25 February 202519 July 2025

What is more fun than boarding an overnight flight to Rome, only to find yourself waking up in La Citta Eterna? With a full day ahead and an unending list of sites to explore, I couldn’t wait to board the train for Roma St. Pietro. The Gemelli station was only a short walk from my hotel and within minutes, I had soon arrived.

I followed the directional signs pointing me towards St. Peter’s Basilica. The ancient stone streets were lined with closed boutiques and bustling coffee shops and cafes, ready to open in about an hour. Before long, I found myself standing in the midst of St. Peter’s Square and stood in awe of the piazza.

Decorated with an Egyptian obelisk and exquisite fountains (look closely and you can see a face carved into the pedestal), the plaza was beginning to come alive with eager tourists, dedicated clergy and devoted nuns. I admired the fascinating façade of the basilica and its delicate architecture. The stoic saints, numbering 140, seemed as though they were placed overhead to protect this glorious place of worship and to stand watch over the tomb of St. Peter.

Over the next couple of days, I would become quite familiar with the Piazza San Pietro as the Hop On Hop Off bus was stationed across the street. Along the Piazza Pio XII was a lovely café with outdoor seating. Each morning I ordered cappuccinos while reviewing my full, daily schedule until it was time for me to board the bus.

The double-decker, with its open air seating on the second level, was perfect for unobstructed views of Rome. I decided to make a complete round trip ride to become more acquainted with the city enjoying the comfort of the ride. Feeling the cool wind and listening to the commentary on the headset, I was soaking in the sun and sites and taking in the substantial history of this gorgeous metropolis.

The day was full of archaeological surprises. While a great deal of ancient Rome has been unveiled, the city is built upon layers of civilization still yet to be discovered, I watched in awe and admiration as landmark after attraction passed me by on the bus.

In the distance, the Castel Sant’Angelo appeared as a backdrop to the extravagant Ponte Sant’Angelo (Bridge of Angels). While it was first designed as a mausoleum for the Roman Emperor Hadrian, this fascinating, circular fortification is now a popular tourist museum.

Cones filled with chocolate gelato melted down the hands of children strolling down the street. Vespas and smart cars edged their way between the bus and curb, hurried to reach their destination. Couples looked over menus at small tables outside of lovely cafes where waiters carried trays of pasta and fine desserts while the bus continued along its route.

In the heart of the city, I couldn’t help but notice the interesting ruins dating back to the Roman Republic, The Area Sacra di Largo Argentina, protected by an outer brick wall, appeared 50 feet below street level. The archaeological remains were discovered during a recent excavation attempt and archaeologists dated the columns back to the reign of Caesar. After further research, they determined that this was the location where Julius Caesar had been murdered in 44 BC.

I had come full circle and continued on with the HOHO tour until we reached the Colosseum stop. I was so excited to explore one of the most significant symbols of the Roman Empire where gladiatorial fights and mock sea battles took place.

Entering the Flavian Amphitheatre, I imagined the crowded hustle and bustle of 80,000 spectators securing their seats in preparation for the spectacular show. As I climbed towards the nosebleed seats, I couldn’t help but wonder what it would have been like during the height of Roman rule to meet up with my friends in the segregated sections for “Women Only”. From this vantage point, arched windows framed picturesque scenes to include the Palatine Hill and the Arch of Titus guarding the entrance to the Roman Forum.

With my audioguide in tow, I made my way back to the starting point of the self-guided tour taking in the spectacular view. I explored every possible highlight of the arena with the exception of the Hypogeum (Underground), the Arena, the Third Tier and the Belvedere. The history of the Colosseum as well as its architecture is quite impressive and I found several amazing opportunities for capturing picturesque scenes.

After spending three hours studying the unique features and history of the Colosseum Amphitheater, I caught the next bus, fascinated by the elaborate Roman fountains as I continued the tour. In addition to the Trevi Fountain, one of the largest founts in Rome is the Fontana delle Naiadi, located in the Piazza della Republicca.

The powerful resemblance of the sea god Glaucus rising up from the basin signifies the “dominion of man over the forces of nature”. Four naiads surround Glaucus representing the Nymph of the Lakes (the swan), Nymph of the Rivers (water snake), Nymph of the Oceans (the sea horse) and the Nymph of the Underground (mysterious dragon). The exquisite detail exhibits the incredible talent of sculptor Mario Rutelli.

My day was drawing to a close as I exited the double decker. I took some time to admire the sun beginning to set behind the basilica with its famous dome dominating the skyline. The colorful hues of oranges and pinks provided a spectacular backdrop and this moment was forever imprinted on my mind.

Having experienced such an exhilarating day, I could not wait for another full day in Rome where I would once again board the train to await a new adventure of exploration.

Have you had the opportunity to explore Rome? What was your favorite attraction, restaurant or experience during your stay? I would love to hear about your visit if you would kindly leave a message in the comments section below and if you have any questions about this amazing city, please let me know…I would be happy to help. Many thanks for following my exhilarating Hop On/Hop Off bus ride through Rome and wishing you many Happy Travels!

What to See and What to Do:

Explore Rome Aboard the Hop On/Hop Off Bus with Omnia Ticket/Rome and Vatican Pass

St. Peter’s Basilica
Piazza San Pietro
00120 Città del Vaticano, Vatican City
Telephone: +39 06 698 83731

Admission Fee: Free; Additional charge of 6 Euros to climb 551 stairs to the top of the dome or a charge of 8 Euros to the terrace and an additional 320 steps.
Hours: Open daily from 7AM to 6:30PM (October to March); open daily from 7AM to 7PM (April – September) The dome opens at 8AM and closes one hour before the basilica closes.
Amenities: audio headsets, tour guides (additional charge), cafeteria
Audio Guides and Guided Tours: Audio guides are available for a nominal fee. Guided Tours are available through tour companies such as Viator, or contact the Basilica directly.
Length of the Tour: 2 – 3 hours for the Basilica only
Tips for Your Visit: Additional sites are available to tour within St. Peter’s Basilica. The Treasury (entrance from inside the basilica): Open 9AM to 6:15PM from April to September and from 9AM – 5:15 PM from October to March. Vatican Grottoes (entrance at the transcept of St. Peter’s Basilica): Open every day from 7AM to 6PM April to September and open from 7AM to 5PM, October to March. Visit to the Tomb of St. Peter and the Pre-Constantinian Necropolis by making arrangements through the Ufficio Scavi by phone: +39 06 69 88 53 18 or email at scavi@fsp.va. Wear comfortable shoes, especially if you are visiting the dome. If you have plans to visit the Vatican Museum, start here and then the Basilica. Do a little research before you go or purchase a tour book, which will explain all of the artwork and fascinating hidden treasures within the cathedral.
Additional Suggestion: Don’t miss the Vatican Gardens (guided tour only, dress code) and the Vatican Museum for an additional charge. Vatican Gardens contact information: +39 06 69884676 or by email at visiteguidate.musei@scv.va. Vatican Museum: through tour operator (i.e., Viator), or contact the museum directly: +39 06 698 84676 (for individual tickets); +39 06 698 83145 (groups) or by email: visiteguidate.musei@scv.va.

Castel Sant’Angelo
Lungotevere Castello, 50
00193 Roma RM, Italy
Telephone: +39 06 681 9111

Admission Fee: 14 Euros per person; Free for visitors 18 and under; Free on the first Sunday of the month; Castel de Angelo is included in the Roma Pass.
Hours: Open daily from 9AM to 7:30PM (Closed New Year’s Day, May 1^st and Christmas). The Castel may be closed for special events, so check the website before arriving: http://castelsantangelo.beniculturali.it/ (translate the page)
Amenities: Audio guides, bookshop, outdoor cafeteria, elevator (available on request), free app available through local wifi, library and documentation service
Guided Tours and Audio Guides: Guided tours for the “Secret Castle” are available for groups of 15 visitors or more. (English at 10AM and 4PM)
Scenic View: Gorgeous view Vatican City and Rome from the Terrace of the Angel on Level 7. Great place to watch the sunset.
Length of the Tour: 2 to 3 hours, an additional hour for lunch
Tips for Your Visit: Wear comfortable shoes, download the app before your visit as there have been complaints on connecting to wi-fi,

Area Sacra di Largo Argentina
Largo di Torre Argentina
00186 Roma RM, Italy

Updated February 23, 2018: This site is undergoing restoration and is closed at this time.

Colosseum/Flavian Amphitheater
Piazza del Colosseo, 1
00184 Roma RM, Italy

Admission Fee: 12 Euros per adult, children under the age of 17 are free; The Admission Fee includes entrance into Palatine Hill and the Roman Forum. Additional fee for a guided tour of the underground. All guests are FREE the first Sunday of the month.
Hours: Open daily from 8:30AM to 3:30PM (closed January 1^st and December 25^th) The ticket counter closes one hour before closing time. Confirm with the Colosseum’s website: www.the-colosseum.net/around/visit.htm
Amenities: audio headsets, tour guides (additional charge), bookstore
Audio Guides and Guided Tours: Audio guides are available for a nominal fee.
Length of the Tour: 2 – 3 hours total (another hour for the underground tour)
Tips for Your Visit: The Colosseum is the most visited attraction in Rome. While the ticket line may be long, you may want to consider purchasing your ticket at the Palatine Hill as your ticket also includes entrance into the Roman Forum and the Palatine Hill, located next door. For security reasons, it is strictly forbidden to enter the attraction with backpacks, camping equipment, bulky bags, luggage or trolley. Medium and small-sized backpacks are permitted, but must be screened by metal detectors. Bags will be opened and visually inspected by security. Due to new security measures it is necessary to arrive at least 30 minutes before collecting your reservation at the ticket counter. Wear comfortable shoes and bring your water bottle where you can fill it with water.

Palatine Hill
Via di San Gregorio, 30
00184, Roma, RM, Italy

Admission Fee: 12 Euros per adult, children under the age of 17 are free; The Admission Fee includes entrance into the Roman Forum and the Colosseum.
Hours: Open daily from 8:30AM to 3:30PM (closed January 1^st and December 25^th) The ticket counter closes one hour before closing time. Confirm with the Colosseum’s website: https://www.romaexperience.com/palatine-hill/
Amenities: audio headsets, tour guides (additional charge), bookstore
Audio Guides and Guided Tours: Audio guides are available for a nominal fee.
Length of the Tour: 2 – 3 hours total
Tips for Your Visit: The Colosseum is the most visited attraction in Rome. Your ticket also includes entrance into the Palatine Hill, located next door. For security reasons, it is strictly forbidden to enter the attraction with backpacks, camping equipment, bulky bags, luggage or trolley. Medium and small-sized backpacks are permitted, but must be screened by metal detectors. Bags will be opened and visually inspected by security. Wear comfortable shoes and bring your water bottle to refill at the drinking fountains and think about bringing a picnic to enjoy on the grounds.

Roman Forum
Via della Salara Vecchia, 5/6
00186 Roma RM, Italy
Telephone; +39 06 0608

Admission Fee: 12 Euros per adult, children under the age of 17 are free; The Admission Fee includes entrance into the Palatine Hill and the Colosseum.
Hours: Open daily from 8:30AM to 3:30PM (closed January 1^st and December 25^th) The ticket counter closes one hour before closing time. Confirm with the Roman Forum’s website: https://turisimoroma.it/cosa-fare/fori
Amenities: audio headsets, tour guides (additional charge)
Audio Guides and Guided Tours: Audio guides are available for a nominal fee.
Length of the Tour: 2 – 3 hours total
Tips for Your Visit: Your ticket to the Roman Forum includes The Colosseum and Palatine Hill. For security reasons, it is strictly forbidden to enter the attraction with backpacks, camping equipment, bulky bags, luggage or trolley. Medium and small-sized backpacks are permitted, but may be screened by metal detectors. Bags may also be opened and visually inspected by security. Wear comfortable shoes and bring your water bottle to refill at the drinking fountains.